Arief Setia Nugroho (1), Amad Sudiro (2), Hery Firmansya (3)
The criminal justice system enforces legal norms and delivers justice by relying on legally admissible evidence as the foundation of judicial decision making. In Indonesia, the legislature enacted Law No. 20 of 2025 to reform the evidentiary system, replace the previous Criminal Procedure Code, and expand the categories of admissible evidence under Article 235 from five to eight types, including the formal recognition of electronic evidence. This reform accommodates the increasing role of digitalisation in legal processes and integrates contemporary forms of evidence into the criminal justice framework. This study analyses the implications of the evidentiary reform and examines the interpretation of mass media reporting as a source of factual information in criminal proof. The research applies a normative legal method, employs conceptual and socio legal approaches, and conducts qualitative descriptive analysis of statutory regulations and legal doctrines. The findings demonstrate that, first, mass media reporting disseminated through digital platforms qualifies conceptually as electronic documents within the expanded evidentiary framework. Second, such reporting functions as a supplementary evidentiary source when it fulfils the principles of legality, authenticity, verification, and relevance. Third, despite this potential contribution, mass media reporting lacks independent probative value and therefore cannot serve as conclusive evidence in criminal proceedings.
Achyarsyah, Padri, Sugeng Riyadi, Kusno Widodo, and Mochammad Chamim, ‘The Role of Digital Evidence in Criminal Law Enforcement: Challenges of Authentication and Admissibility in Court’, Research Horizon, 5.6 (2025), 2987–98 https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.950
Adam, Angelika Permata, Arif Mahfudin Ibrahim, Tri Mega Putri Aruan, Nazwa Tolingguhu, Reza Al’ Asfah, Tri Meutia Nur Auliya Palahuwata, and others, ‘Penerapan Asas Due Process Of Law Dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Di Indonesia’, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis (J-KUMBIS), 4.1 (2026), 16–27 https://doi.org/10.37606/J-KUMBIS.V4I1.408
———, ‘Penerapan Asas Due Process Of Law Dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Di Indonesia’, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis (J-KUMBIS), 4.1 (2026), 16–27 https://doi.org/10.37606/J-KUMBIS.V4I1.408
Aidah1, Salwa, Aida Restu Amalia2, and Alifia Aqida3, ‘Media Massa Dan Pembentukan Pandangan Politik Di Era Digital’, Indonesian Character Journal, 3.1 (2026), 33–44 https://doi.org/10.21512/icj.v3i1.14481
Alcocer, Marco, ‘Increasing Intergovernmental Coordination to Fight Crime: Evidence from Mexico’, Political Science Research and Methods, 13.3 (2025), 745–54 https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2024.31
Amri, M. Saeful, Agus Irfan, and Wahyu Aji Pratama, ‘Protection of Human Rights in the Legal Process Involving Celebrities in Indonesia: A Top Socio-Legal Study, The Trial by Media Phenomenon’, Journal Of Legal Studies Judex Praetor, 1.2 (2025), 131–43 https://doi.org/10.35671/JUDEX.V1I2.118
And, Humanities, and Social Sciences Communications |, ‘Democratizing the Discourse on Criminal Justice in Social Media: The Activity for Justice for Roman Zadorov as a Case Study’, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2023 10:1, 10.1 (2023), 770- https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02302-9
Andarek, Roy Rolando, ‘Penerapan Forensic Science Dalam Proses Penyidikan Kasus Pembunuhan Vina Dan Risky: Antara Bukti Ilmiah Dan Keadilan Substantif’, Jurnal Sosial Teknologi, 5.5 (2025), 1568–1589 https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v5i5.32152
Anisya, Adinda Farah, Hafrida Hafrida, and Erwin Erwin, ‘Studi Perbandingan Penuntutan Perkara Pidana Dalam Perspektif Sistem Pembuktian Menurut Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia Dan Thailand’, PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law, 2.3 (2021), 59–75 https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v2i3.14876
Anwar, Heril, and Eny Kusdarini, ‘The Role of Mass Media in Strengthening the Modern Legal State’, International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM), 6.1 (2024), 168–78 https://doi.org/10.47006/ijierm.v6i1.290
Apul, Merlina Maria Barbara, Grishiella Patricia Liwang, and Putra Aditya Lapalelo, ‘Konstruksi Prahara Sambo: Jurnalisme Viral Dalam Bingkai Media Online’, Scriptura, 14.2 (2024), 163–76 https://doi.org/10.9744/scriptura.14.2.163-176
Artanti, Deslita Cahya, M Ruhly, and Kesuma Dinata, ‘Transformasi Alat Bukti Di Era Digital: Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Penggunaan Data Lokasi Gawai Sebagai Petunjuk Dalam Delik Pasal 365 KUHP’, Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 5.1 (2026), 124–29 https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v5i1.830
Bakhtiar, Handar Subhandi, Amir Ilyas, Abdul Kholiq, and Handina Sulastrina Bakhtiar, ‘The Utilisation of Scientific Crime Investigation Methods and Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Investigation Process in Indonesia’, Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 15.1 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-025-00456-y
Batastini, Ashley B., Michael J. Vitacco, Ashley C.T. Jones, and Riley M. Davis, ‘Perceived Credibility of Social Media Data as a Collateral Source in Criminal Responsibility Evaluations Using an Experimental Design’, International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 20.4 (2021), 317–32 https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2021.1880504
Budiyono, Budiyono, ‘Pemanfaatan Media Massa Oleh Penegak Hukum Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Korupsi’, PERSPEKTIF: Kajian Masalah Hukum Dan Pembangunan, 18.1 (2013), 1–13 https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v18i1.28
Chairunisa, Namira, Lola Saskia Norfatma, Nabylla Visna, and Bonar S. Panjaitan, ‘Analisis Persepsi Khalayak Pada Media Sosial Twitter Dalam Film “Ice Cold: Murder, Coffee and Jessica Wongso“’, INOMATEC: Jurnal Inovasi Dan Kajian Multidisipliner Kontemporer , 1.03 (2026), 3123–5573 https://portalpublikasi.com/index.php/inomatec/article/view/956
Dani, Irma, Armadila Armadila, and Reno Andika, ‘The Role of Mass Media in the Dynamics of Law Enforcement in the Information Age’, Journal of Islamic Communication and Journalism, 1.2 (2025), 30–39 https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v13i2.24331
Dewi, Ni Made Trisna, and Ni Made Rai Sukardi, ‘Kekuatan Hukum Tanda Tangan Digital Dalam Pembuktian Sengketa Perdata Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik’, Jurnal Ilmiah Raad Kertha, 6.2 (2023), 37–44 https://doi.org/10.47532/jirk.v6i2.927
Dwijayanto, Reno Apri, ‘Tinjauan Yuridis Perbandingan KUHP Lama Dan KUHP Baru Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia’, Jurnal Sosial Teknologi, 6.2 (2026), 746–754 https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v6i2.32705
Erawan, Yevi Mulyana, Novayandra Arinurdin, Edy Santoso, and Dhanang Widijawan, ‘Kedudukan Hukum Sistem Elektronik Dalam Digital Forensik Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP’, Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4.2 (2026), 3291–3304 https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i2.4827
Erickson, Richard V., ‘Mass Media, Criacme, Law, And Justice: An Institutional Approach’, The British Journal of Criminology, 31.3 (1991), 219–49 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048114
Faisal, Andri Yanto, Derita Prapti Rahayu, Dwi Haryadi, Anri Darmawan, and Jeanne Darc Noviayanti Manik, ‘Genuine Paradigm of Criminal Justice: Rethinking Penal Reform within Indonesia New Criminal Code’, Cogent Social Sciences, 10.1 (2024), 2301634 https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2301634
Findlay, Leah, ‘Courting Social Media in Australia’s Criminal Courtrooms: The Continuing Tension between Promoting Open Justice and Protecting Procedural Integrity’, Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 27.2 (2015), 237–45 https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2015.12036043
Fox, Richard L., and Michelle Rose, ‘Public Engagement with the Criminal Justice System in the Age of Social Media’, 2014 https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2507135
Gandhi, Wilson, Ahmad Fuadi, Wawan Fransisco Penerapan Asas Praduga Tidak Bersalah Terhadap Terdakwa Tindak Pidana Penadahan di Pengadilan Negeri Lubuklinggau Sony, and Wawan Fransisco, ‘Penerapan Asas Praduga Tidak Bersalah Terhadap Terdakwa Tindak Pidana Penadahan Di Pengadilan Negeri Lubuklinggau’, QOSIM : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora, 4.1 (2026), 44–53 https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v4i1.4561
Giri Santosa, Dewa Gede, and Karell Mawla Ibnu Kamali, ‘Acquisition And Presentation Of Digital Evidence In Criminal Trial In Indonesia’, Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 11.2 (2022), 195 https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.11.2.2022.195-218
Gulzar, Dr. Saba, ‘The Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Social Discourse’, Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 1.1 (2023), 30–40 https://contemporaryjournal.com/index.php/14/article/view/23
Hakiki, Muhammad Ridho, Angkasa Angkasa, and Abdul Haris Semendawai, ‘Reformulation of the Legal Politics of Restorative Justice in Handling Minor Criminal Offenses under Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code’, Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY), 5.2 (2026), 75–91 https://doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v5i2.1519
Hasnawati, Hasnawati, and Mohammad Safrin, ‘Kedudukan Alat Bukti Elektronik Dalam Pembuktian Tindak Pidana’, AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 5.2 (2023), 1207–14 https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.2878
Hasyim, Fuad, ‘Implementasi Asas Peradilan Sederhana, Cepat Dan Biaya Murah Melalui E-Court’, Syariati: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Hukum, 8.2 (2023), 255–68 https://doi.org/10.32699/syariati.v8i2.4069
Van Hoecke, Mark, ‘Methodology of Comparative Legal Research’, Recht En Methode in Onderzoek En Onderwijs, 2016 https://doi.org/10.5553/rem/.000010
Hukum Tersangka Dalam Pemeriksaan Awal Oleh Penyidik Dengan Analisis Berdasarkan KUHAP Hasmawati, Perlindungan, and Muh Chaezar Fachreza Harla, ‘Perlindungan Hukum Tersangka Dalam Pemeriksaan Awal Oleh Penyidik Dengan Analisis Berdasarkan KUHAP’, Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4.1 (2026), 134–45 https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i1.2972
Ilmu Hukum, Jurnal, Deni Arianto, Anis Rindiani, Sri Yuliana, Universitas Pertiba, and Bangka Belitung, ‘Analisis Penegakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Menangani Ujaran Kebencian Berbasis SARA Di Platform Media Sosial’, Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 10.1 (2026), 1–17 https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v10i1.12589
Ilyas, Adam, and Paulus Rudy Calvin Sinaga, ‘The Urgency of Budget Independence for the Constitutional Court in Strengthening the Independence of the Judiciary’, Indonesian Journal of Administrative Law and Local Government, 1.01 (2024) https://doi.org/10.26740/ijalgov.v1i01.35850
Ismail, Ismail, and Ahmad Nahwiy, ‘Pengaruh Trial By The Press Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia’, JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana, 2.1 (2020), 9–19 https://doi.org/10.46930/jurnalrectum.v2i1.387
Jamaludin, Jamaludin, and Tata Eliestiana Dyah A, ‘Komentar Netizen Menjadi Hakim: Krisis Objektivitas Penegakan Hukum Pidana Akibat Dominasi Opini Publik’, Retorika: Journal of Law, Social, and Humanities, 4.2 (2026), 59–75 https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2024.31
Kholik, Muhamad Abdul, and Rena Zulfaidah, ‘Analisis Praktik Pinjam Pakai Barang Bukti Dalam Ranah Peradilan: Studi Lapangan Di Pengadilan Negeri Temanggung’, Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4.1 (2026), 1333–40 https://doi.org/10.30999/mjn.v12i2.2739
———, ‘Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah Sebagai Prinsip Konstitusional Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana’, Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory, 4.1 (2026), 672–86 https://doi.org/10.30999/mjn.v12i2.2739
Kusumaningsih, Rila, ‘Peran Media Dalam Mempengaruhi Opini Publik Tentang Hukum Dan Keadilan’, Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 3.1 (2024), 27–40 https://doi.org/10.57248/jishum.v3i1.459
Lev-On, Azi, and Nili Steinfeld, ‘“Objection, Your Honor”: Use of Social Media by Civilians to Challenge the Criminal Justice System’, Social Science Computer Review, 38.3 (2020), 315–33 https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318771523
Lianti, Maergy Putri, and Anza Ronaza Bangun, ‘Analisis Yuridis Kedudukan Barang Bukti Yang Diperoleh Melalui Penyidikan Yang Diduga Melanggar Kode Etik’, Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 4.1 (2026) https://doi.org/10.30999/mjn.v12i2.2739
Lubis, Fauziah, Indana Halwa Shabri, Siti Adinda Puspita, Chairun Nissa Eprianty, Trisnanda Rielta, and Jannatun Naim, ‘An Analysis of the Validity of Digital Evidence in the Modern Technological Era’, Fox Justi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 15.2 (2025) https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.980
Lutfia, Vivi, ‘Optimalisasi Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Peradilan Melalui E-Court Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Bagi Masyarakat Di Era Digitalisasi’, Jurnal Lex Renaissance, 6.4 (2021) https://doi.org/10.20885/jlr.vol6.iss4.art3
Mensah, Ebenezer Kojo Gyesi, ‘Assessing the Role of Media Influence and Public Perception in Legal Decision-Making’, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2024 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811277
Miranda, Shaila M., Amber Young, and Emre Yetgin, ‘Are Social Media Emancipatory or Hegemonic? Societal Effects of Mass Media Digitization in the Case of the SOPA Discourse1’, Management Information Systems Quarterly, 40.2 (2016), 303–29 https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2016/40.2.02
Mirza, Sundas Jabeen, Etizaz Ali Shah, Farhad Ali Tamour, Hira Hussain, and Muhammad Bilal Khan, ‘The Role of Social Media Analytic in Crafting International Political Narrative’, The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3.2 (2025), 2456–68 https://doi.org/10.59075/gft9jn19
Mokodompit, Cindra Kartika, ‘Celah Kritis Dalam Modernisasi Hukum Acara Pidana: Dekonstruksi Definisi Sistem Elektronik Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kepastian Hukum Pembuktian’, Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4.1 (2026), 3597–3612 https://doi.org/10.61104/ALZ.V4I1.3705
Murphy, Justin P., Adrian Fontecilla, Justin P. Murphy, and Adrian Fontecilla, ‘Social Media Evidence in Government Investigations and Criminal Proceedings: A Frontier of New Legal Issues’, Richmond Journal of Law & Technology, 19.3 (2013), 11 https://scholarship.richmond.edu/jolt/vol19/iss3/4
Mustafa, Dewi Wahyuni, Aprilia, and Winda, ‘Analisis Hukum Tentang Pelaksanaan Relaas Panggilan Pada Perkara Gaib Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pengadilan Agama Sengkang’, Legal Journal of Law, 2.1 (2023), 34–42 https://jurnal.lamaddukelleng.ac.id/index.php/legal/article/view/47
Naseer, Muchammad, Harya Gusdevi, Rahayudin Rahayudin, and Antonio Guterres, ‘Blockchain-Based Evidence Legality in Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System’, Jurnal Hukum Indonesia, 5.1 (2026), 40–65 https://doi.org/10.58344/JHI.V5I1.2351
Noor Asma, and Arhjayati Rahim, ‘The Influence Of Public Pressure On The Criminal Case Handling Process’, International Journal of Sociology and Law, 1.3 (2024), 68–81 https://doi.org/10.62951/ijsl.v1i3.106
Nurjanah, Diana Berlian, and Masrukhin Masrukhin, ‘Penanganan Tindak Pidana Penipuan Online Melalui Alat Bukti Digital Di Kepolisian Surakarta: Perspektif Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam’, Legalite : Jurnal Perundang Undangan Dan Hukum Pidana Islam, 11.1 (2026), 36–52 https://doi.org/10.32505/legalite.v11i1.13733
Okechukwu, Charles, ‘Media Influence on Public Opinion and Political Decision-Making’, International Journal of Political Science Studies, 1.1 (2023), 13–24 https://forthworthjournals.org/journals/index.php/IJPSS/article/view/17
Pangaribuan, Aristo M., ‘Truth, Bias, and Abuse of Power: How Indonesia’s Evidentiary Threshold Shapes Criminal Justice’, International Journal of Evidence and Proof, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1177/13657127251389628
———, ‘Truth, Bias, and Abuse of Power: How Indonesia’s Evidentiary Threshold Shapes Criminal Justice’, International Journal of Evidence and Proof, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1177/13657127251389628
Pardede, Sonora Gokma, and Febby Mutiara Nelson, ‘Pengaruh Trial By The Press Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia’, LITIGASI, 24.2 (2023), 165–83 https://doi.org/10.23969/litigasi.v24i2.10259
Permata Adam, Angelika, Arif Mafhudin Ibrahim, Tri Mega Putri Aruan, Nazwa Tolingguhu, Reza Al Asfah, Tri Meutia Nur Auliya Palahuwata, and others, ‘Peranan Alat Bukti Elektronik Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Korupsi’, Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4.1 (2026), 572–79 https://doi.org/10.61104/ALZ.V4I1.3110
Pertiwi, Ranti Fortuna, ‘Analysis of the Impact of Social Media on Shaping Public Perception of Legal Cases’, Priviet Social Sciences Journal, 5.9 (2025), 232–39 https://doi.org/10.55942/pssj.v5i9.614
Pickett, Justin T., Christina Mancini, Daniel P. Mears, and Marc Gertz, ‘Public (Mis)Understanding of Crime Policy: The Effects of Criminal Justice Experience and Media Reliance’, Criminal Justice Policy Review, 26.5 (2015), 500–522 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403414526228
Pinem, Shelma Shetty, ‘Pengaruh Pengadilan Oleh Media Terhadap Proses Peradilan Pidana Pada Kasus Pembunuhan Wayan Mirna Dan Ferdy Sambo’, Padjadjaran Law Review, 13.2 (2025), 15–27 https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v13i2.2441
Pratama, Widhy Andrian, ‘Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Korupsi Di Era Modernisasi Digital’, SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Hukum, 3.1 (2024), 91–104 https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v3i1.1227
Preayogi, Gede Andreano, Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini, and Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, ‘Pengaturan Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah Terhadap Tersangka Tindak Pidana Kesusilaan Dalam Pemberitaan Media Massa’, Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 4.2 (2021), 658–67 https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jatayu/article/view/38162
Prichard, Jeremy, Paul Watters, Tony Krone, Caroline Spiranovic, and Helen Cockburn, ‘Social Media Sentiment Analysis: A New Empirical Tool for Assessing Public Opinion on Crime?’, Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 27.2 (2015), 217–36 https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2015.12036042
Purba, Wanson Noventa, and Fitria Ramadhani Siregar, ‘Pengaruh Media Massa Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Pidana’, Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 4.3 (2025), 217–22 https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v4i3.505
Purnamasari, Andi Intan, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Aminuddin Kasim, and Sulbadana Sulbadana, ‘The Optimizing Digital Evidence: Perspective of the Criminal Procedural Law System’, Proceedings of the 2021 Tadulako’s International Conference on Social Sciences (TICoSS 2021), 674 (2022), 96–99 https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220707.022
Rabbiefashya, Muhammad Attar, and Hudi Yusuf, ‘Kedudukan Barang Bukti Dalam Pembuktian Perkara Pidana Menurut KUHAP’, Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 2.5 (2025), 9433–44 https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jicn/article/view/5393
Rama Zulfia, Dinda, and Fery Chofa, ‘Pengelolaan Barang Bukti Dan Barang Rampasan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Seksi Papbb (Pemulihan Aset Pengelolaan Barang Bukti) Di Kejaksaan Negeri Payakumbuh’, COURT REVIEW: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum (e-ISSN: 2776-1916), 5.06 (2025), 274–79 https://doi.org/10.69957/cr.v5i06.2435
Ritonga, Abid Fatur Rahman, and Faisal Faisal, ‘Pengaruh Digitalisasi Proses Hukum Acara Pidana: Studi Komparatif Hukum Indonesia Dan Thailand (Criminal Procedure Code)’, Law Jurnal, 5.1 (2024), 83–94 https://doi.org/10.46576/lj.v5i1.5772
Robbennolt, Jennifer K., and Christina A. Studebaker, ‘News Media Reporting on Civil Litigation and Its Influence on Civil Justice Decision Making’, Law and Human Behavior, 27.1 (2003), 5–27 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021622827154
Rohman, Rohman, Muliadi Muliadi, Farhan Pratama, Irka Saputra, Aidil Firmansyah, T Marwan, and others, ‘Sistem Pembuktian Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Tantangan Dalam Proses Peradilan’, Jimmi: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Multidisiplin, 1.3 (2024), 279–92 https://doi.org/10.71153/jimmi.v1i3.146
Saimima, Ika Dewi Sartika, and Mochammad Syafruddin Rezky Sanaky, ‘Justice Connectivity in the Criminal Prosecution of Human Trafficking’, SASI, 30.1 (2024), 75 https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v30i1.1828
Saleh, Muhammad, Cindy Aulia Putri, Neiva Zaida Hasanah Saragih, and Nurkhofifah, ‘Interaksi Komunikasi Antara Hukum Dan Media Massa: Pengenalan Konsep Dan Implikasi’, ENCOMMUNICATION: Journal of Communication Studies, 1.2 (2023), 96–107 https://doi.org/10.71036/ejcs.v1i2.160
Saputra, David, ‘Wacana Penegakan Hukum Di Media Sosial: Analisis Komunikasi Hukum Mahfud MD Dan Yusril Ihza Mahendra’, Regula Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1.2 (2026), 65–77 https://ejournal.tmpublisher.id/index.php/rejust/article/view/62
Setyadi, Hudha Bagus, and Ali Masyhar, ‘Legal Politics in the Draft Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) in Indonesia’, Journal of Literature Review, 1.1 (2025), 257–62 https://doi.org/10.63822/320mhd19
Setyowati, Nataline, Pujiyono Suwadi, and Yudho Taruno Muryanto, ‘Electronic Court in Indonesia: Challenges and Concerns in the Development of Responsive Law Reform’, 2024, 174–78 https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-218-7_27
Spruce, Lanae, and Kaitlyn Leaf, ‘Social Media for Social Justice’, Journal of Museum Education, 42.1 (2017), 41–53 https://doi.org/10.1080/10598650.2016.1265852
Stoyanova, Maria, ‘The Impact of Media Publicity on the Presumption of Innocence’, 2025, 269–93 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80593-6_11
Sufriadi, Yanto, ‘The Progress of Indonesian Law Enforcement Reform after 25 Years of the Reform Movement’, Asian Affairs(UK), 51.1 (2024), 28–54 https://doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2023.2268491
Sujatmiko, Bambang, and Bambang Soesatyo, ‘The Urgency of Using Electronic Evidence in Trials as an Effort to Answer the Challenges of Law Enforcement in the Digital Era and Social Media Dynamics’, Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 3.9 (2025), 1604–13 https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i9.567
Surette, Ray, ‘Methodological Problems In Determining Media Effects On Criminal Justice: A Review And Suggestions For The Future’, Criminal Justice Policy Review, 6.4 (1992), 291–310 https://doi.org/10.1177/088740349200600402
Suryani, Nilma, Achmad Megantara, and Najmuddin, ‘Analisis Perubahan Barang Bukti Menjadi Alat Bukti Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual’, Jurnal Hukum Dassollen, 10.2 (2024), 86–103 https://doi.org/10.32520/das-sollen.v10i2.3715
Syarien, Muhamad Imam Alfie, and Ghina Samarah, ‘Interagency Coordination Drivers, Instruments, and Success Factors: A Systematic Literature Review’, Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 19.3 (2023), 301–18 https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v19i3.1296
Taufiqurokhman, Taufiqurokhman, and Sodikin Sodikin, ‘Reconstruction of the Principle of Justice in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System: A Restorative Perspective and Regulatory Reform’, Journal of Lex et Justitia, 1.1 (2026), 69–85 https://ejournal.grafindoscience.com/jlj/article/view/48
Teguh, Pri Pambudi, ‘Penerapan Kebijakan Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kasus-Kasus Hukum Terkait Pemberitaan Pers Di Indonesia’, Ilmu Dan Budaya, 42.1 (2021), 1–40 https://doi.org/10.47313/jib.v42i1.1164
Tjhia, Kimico Margaretha, and Azis Budianto, ‘Criminal Procedure Law Reform in Indonesia as a Step Towards a Fairer and More Effective Justice System’, Journal of World Science, 4.7 (2025), 882–88 https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v4i7.1447
Trisnaningrum, Roshita Anggun, Adhitya Widya Kartika, Roshita Anggun Trisnaningrum, and Adhitya Widya Kartika, ‘Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pers Dalam Melaksanakan Kebebasan Pers Di Indonesia Dan Australia’, Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 54.2 (2024), 357–90 https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol54.no2.1593
Wahab, Abdul, ``Muhammad Zakir, Muhammad Bux Lakho, and Syed Mubashir Kazmi, ‘Media Trials and Political Justice: The Role of Television and Social Media in Influencing Criminal Case Outcomes’, Social Science Review Archives, 3.4 (2025), 3167–80 https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1094
Waszkiewicz, Paweł, ‘Social Media and Law Enforcement Practice in Poland: Insights into Practice Outside Anglophone Countries’, Social Media and Law Enforcement Practice in Poland: Insights into Practice Outside Anglophone Countries, 2024, 1–120 https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032680194
Waszkiewicz, Paweł, and Krzysztof Worek, ‘Social Media Evidence in Criminal Proceedings’, Social Media and Law Enforcement Practice in Poland: Insights into Practice Outside Anglophone Countries, 2024, 66–92 https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032680194-5
Widodo, Aan, Wa Ode Sitti Nurhaliza, and Moh Rifaldi Akbar, ‘Virtual Criminal Trials in Indonesia: Communication Inequalities, Power Dynamics, and the Challenges of Justice’, Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 12 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102272
Yusuf, Arni, ‘Strategic Issues in the Reform of the Criminal Procedure Code towards an Inclusive and Effective Criminal Justice System’, Journal of Law Science, 7.1 (2025), 105–12 https://doi.org/10.35335/jls.v7i1.5874
Zahra, Salma, Akmal Azizan, Sally Sophia, and Nurajam Perai, ‘Reforming Indonesian Criminal Justice: Integrating Recidivism Risk Assessment for Fair and Effective Sentencing’, Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 13.2 (2024), 275 https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.13.2.2024.275-310
Zuhri, Saifuddin, and Cholid Fadil, ‘Peran Media Digital Dalam Penegakan Hukum Di Masyarakat’, Crossroad Research Journal, 1.4 (2024), 118–39 https://doi.org/10.61402/CRJ.V1I4.182
Zulfiqri, Muhammad, Budi Bahreisy, and Romi Asmara, ‘Kekuatan Hukum Pembuktian Terhadap Keterangan Saksi De Auditu Dalam Hukum Acara Pidana’, Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, 8.2 (2025), 131–51 https://doi.org/10.29103/jimfh.v8i2.21767